甲基丙二酸血症86例患儿的神经发育特征

目的分析甲基丙二酸血症患儿神经发育特征及可能影响因素。方法设计临床调查表,对2016年2月至2018年2月于河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿科就诊的86例甲基丙二酸血症患儿进行调查,采用Gesell发育量表进行神经发育评估。结果86例患儿中男45例,女41例;年龄2.4~62.5个月,中位数8.3个月。新生儿期筛查确诊的患儿33例,发病后临床诊断的患儿53例,患儿各能区多为轻到重度发育缺陷。其中,0~6月龄患儿28例,精细运动、大运动、适应性缺陷显著;>6~12月龄患儿24例,语言、适应性、个人-社交缺陷显著;>12~36月龄患儿23例,语言、适应性、大运动缺陷显著;>36~72月龄患儿11例,语言、个人-社交、适应性缺陷显著;新生儿筛查发现的患儿在精细运动、大运动、适应性、个人-社交和语言方面发育商均不同程度高于发病后临床诊断的患儿,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论虽经积极规范治疗,大多数发病后诊断的甲基丙二酸血症患儿仍存在神经发育障碍,各能区存在轻到重度发育缺陷。不同年龄段患儿神经发育能区损害稍有不同,6月龄以下的患儿精细运动、大运动、适应性发育缺陷显著,6月龄以上患儿语言、适应性、个人-社交缺陷显著。经新生儿筛查发现的患儿神经损害较轻。     

翁连解毒汤治疗浊毒内蕴型溃疡性结肠炎的疗效观察

目的：探究翁连解毒汤治疗浊毒内蕴型溃疡性结肠炎（Ulcerative Colitis，UC）临床疗效及可能的作用机制。方法：选取2016年2月至2018年12月在攀枝花学院附属医院收治的浊毒内蕴型UC患者130例作为研究对象，按照入院先后顺序分为对照组和观察组，每组65例。对照组常规西医治疗，观察组加用翁连解毒汤，观察2组治疗前、完成治疗后T细胞、NK细胞、炎性反应因子、凝血功能、生命质量变化，完成治疗后总结疗效。结果：观察组患者在NK细胞、T淋巴细胞组成、CR、TNF-α、IL-1 β、ESR、内毒素、IL-10、FIB、PLT、APTT改善方面的效果较对照组更优，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者完成治疗后的生命质量量表各维度评分及总评分改善效果优于对照组患者（P<0.05），且临床总有效率和组织病理学疗效率均高于对照组患者（P<0.05）。结论：翁连解毒汤能抑制浊毒内蕴型UC炎性反应，改善高凝状态，提高机体免疫功能，从而提高疗效和生命质量。     

Measuring hope amongst Tanzanian women who participate in microfinance: An evaluation of the Snyder hope scale

ABSTRACT

Measuring hope reliably and accurately remains an important research objective, not least in less prosperous settings where ‘holding on to hope’ may be critically important in the struggle against adverse life conditions. The State Hope Scale was designed for use in the US. Despite reported application in diverse cultures and using translations the scale has not been extensively validated outside US populations. This study contributes to a larger project exploring the measurement of hope and provides a critique of Snyder’s scale as used in a Tanzanian female population of 1021 urban microfinance participants. We evaluate the scale’s validity through assessment of the empirical distribution of scores, item response profiles, internal consistency and discriminatory ability. Participants mostly scored very high and many reached very near the maximum attainable score. Hardly any endorsed the negative half of the response scale. Several problems are discussed including poor discrimination and strong evidence of acquiescence response bias. We also found little association of the scale scores with hypothesised correlates of hope. Future improvements on the measurement of hope are recommended, especially in studies outside the narrow Western context in which the scale was devised.     

Grading Facial Nerve Function Following Combined Static and Mimetic Surgical Techniques

Objective To present a grading scale to assess the functional recovery of the facial nerve in patients who have undergone mimetic and static surgical techniques for facial reanimation. Study design This is a proposed new facial nerve grading system that will be demonstrated with specific case presentations. All patients underwent a variety of neural grafting, microvascular free-flap reconstruction, or surgical static procedures. Results The proposed facial nerve grading scale is one that has not been described previously in the literature and is applicable to a unique patient population. Its ease of use in this patient population will allow otolaryngologists to assess facial recovery accurately and quickly in cases where the facial nerve is not anatomically intact. Conclusion The proposed facial recovery grading scale provides an efficient means of grading facial recovery for a unique group of patients who previously could not be followed. The proposed scale is practical and easy to use in a clinical setting.     

儿童腺样体肥大和变应性鼻炎关系的临床研究

目的探讨儿童腺样体肥大与合并变应性鼻炎的相关性。方法抽选2017年10月至2018年10月间收治的60例儿童腺样体肥大患者,均对患儿进行鼻咽侧位像DR扫描,测定腺样体/鼻咽腔比率(A/N比值)来评定腺样体的大小,采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)供患者对疾病程度和生活质量所受的影响程度进行自我评估,依据症状发作的频度,持续时间,对睡眠、学习及工作的影响程度评分。应用Spearman秩相关对二者相关性进行分析。结果60例腺样体肥大患儿中,合并变应性鼻炎20例,占33.3%。腺样体肥大1级患儿4例,视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分为1-4分;2级6例,视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分2-7分;3级10例,视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分4-10分。腺样体肥大等级越高,视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分也越高。腺样体肥大与合并变应性鼻炎呈正相关。结论儿童腺样体肥大和变应性鼻炎具有显著相关性,腺样体肥大也是造成变应性鼻炎患病的因素之一。儿童变应性鼻炎的临床治疗,明确主要病因与腺样体肥大有关时,可采用对腺样体肥大的专业治疗,可有效消除变应性鼻炎的病源,改善患儿变应性鼻炎的症状,提升患儿的生活质量。     

Five‐year efficacy of finasteride in 801 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia

Finasteride is standard medical treatment for androgenetic alopecia; however, no large studies with 5 years or more of follow up have been performed in Japan. The authors followed Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia treated with finasteride for 5 years to evaluate long‐term treatment efficacy. Of 903 men treated with finasteride (1 mg/day), 801 patients were evaluated over 5 years by modified global photographic assessment. Although the proportion of improvement was high (99.4%), modified global photographic assessment scores after 5 years of treatment were lower in patients with more advanced disease as measured by the modified Norwood–Hamilton scale. After separating patients into “sufficient” and “insufficient” efficacy groups according to the modified global photographic assessment score after 5 years (scores ≥6 and <6, respectively), multivariate analysis showed that independent risk factors of insufficient efficacy were age at start of treatment of 40 years or more (P = 0.021) and classification on the modified Norwood–Hamilton scale (P < 0.001), whereas presence of stress at start of treatment was a negative predictor (P = 0.025). In conclusion, continuous finasteride treatment for 5 years improved androgenetic alopecia with sustained effect among Japanese. Younger age and less advanced disease at start of treatment were the key predictors of higher finasteride efficacy.     

A modality-specific somatosensory evoked potential test protocol for clinical evaluation: A feasibility study

ObjectiveWe aimed to establish an objective neurophysiological test protocol that can be used to assess the somatosensory nervous system.MethodsIn order to assess most fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system, repetitive stimuli of seven different modalities (touch, vibration, pinprick, cold, contact heat, laser, and warmth) were synchronized with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and applied on the cheek and dorsum of the hand and dorsum of the foot in 21 healthy subjects and three polyneuropathy (PNP) patients. Latencies and amplitudes of the modalities were assessed and compared. Patients received quantitative sensory testing (QST) as reference.ResultsWe found reproducible evoked potentials recordings for touch, vibration, pinprick, contact-heat, and laser stimuli. The recording of warm-evoked potentials was challenging in young healthy subjects and not applicable in patients. Latencies were shortest within Aβ-fiber-mediated signals and longest within C-fibers. The test protocol detected function loss within the Aβ-fiber and Aδ-fiber-range in PNP patients. This function loss corresponded with QST findings.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we developed a neurophysiological test protocol that can specifically assess most of the somatosensory modalities. Despite technical challenges, initial patient data appear promising regarding a possible future clinical application.SignificanceEstablished and custom-made stimulators were combined to assess different fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system using modality-specific evoked potentials.     

Percutaneous thermal ablation of sacral metastases: Assessment of pain relief and local tumor control

PurposeTo retrospectively report on safety, pain relief and local tumor control achieved with percutaneous ablation of sacral bone metastases.Materials and methodsFrom February 2009 to June 2020, 23 consecutive patients (12 women and 11 men; mean age, 60 ± 8 [SD] years; median, 60; range: 48-80 years) with 23 sacral metastases underwent radiofrequency (RFA) or cryo-ablation (CA), with palliative or curative intent at our institution. Patients’ demographics and data pertaining to treated metastases, procedure-related variables, safety, and clinical evolution following ablation were collected and analyzed. Pain was assessed with numerical pain rating scale (NPRS).ResultsSixteen (70%) patients were treated with palliative and 7 (30%) with curative intent. Mean tumor diameter was 38 ± 19 (SD) mm (median, 36; range: 11-76). External radiation therapy had been performed on five metastases (5/23; 22%) prior to ablation. RFA was used in 9 (39%) metastases and CA in the remaining 14 (61%). Thermo-protective measures and adjuvant bone consolidation were used whilst treating 20 (87%) and 8 (35%) metastases, respectively. Five (22%) minor complications were recorded. At mean 31 ± 21 (SD) (median, 32; range: 2-70) months follow-up mean NPRS was 2 ± 2 (SD) (median, 1; range: 0–6) vs. 5 ± 1 (median, 5; range: 4–8; P < 0.001) at the baseline. Three metastases out of 7 (43%) undergoing curative ablation showed local progression at mean 4 ± 4 (SD) (median, 2; range: 1-8) months follow-up.ConclusionPercutaneous ablation of sacral metastases is safe and results in significant long-lasting pain relief. Local tumor control seems sub-optimal; however, further investigations are needed to confirm these findings due to paucity of data.